![]() Depending on the experimental conditions, first symptoms appeared on the potato and tomato leaves at approximately 48–72 hpi 7, 9. ![]() The biotrophic phase (48 hpi) was estimated by macro and microscopical assessments, and comparative gene expression studies with so-called transition (96 hpi) and necrotrophic phases (144 hpi) 8. infestans, is characterized during the biotrophic phase by nutrient uptake via haustoria–plant-derived nutrient and molecule exchange interphases located at the plant cell plasma membrane 6. The first stage of late blight in tomato leaves is characterized by a biotrophic life style followed by a necrotrophic phase 7. infestans invades leaf tissue through the stomata or the cuticle and haustoria that grow into the cells 6. The hemibiotroph Phytophthora infestans, which causes late blight, is a relatively specific pathogen that mainly attacks tomato and potato leaves and harvested organs 5. The symptoms may even become visible within the first 24–48 hours post inoculation (hpi) 4. The necrotroph invades leaf tissue through the stomata or directly through the cuticle by forming appressoria and penetration pegs 3. Grey mould, caused by the generalist Botrytis cinerea, is a destructive disease attacking more than 1400 plant species 2. These three diseases are distinct in terms of the pathogen’s mechanism for host tissue invasion, time when the first symptoms develop and the response triggered in/by the host tissue. Grey mould, late blight and oidium are among the tomato leaf diseases with the greatest economic impact. Like all plant species tomatoes are challenged by a wide variety of pathogenic organisms. The increasing market for fresh and processed tomatoes ( Solanum lycopersicum) makes this fruit crop one of the most important grown worldwide 1. Analysis of the very first physiological reactions and the underlying changes at gene transcriptional level during disease attack could lead to a better understanding of disease mechanisms and help to develop new approaches for early disease detection, which in turn could contribute to improved PPP application techniques. Results of compatible interaction in crops are not often analysed and reported. Research work is mostly focused on the incompatible plant-pathogen interaction and aims to understand tolerance or resistance mechanisms and to identify the responsible genes. Visual disease symptoms of fungal/oomycetal attack in plant leaves only appear after a certain incubation period, by which time the application of plant protection products (PPP) may already be ineffective. Plant-microbe interaction starts with the arrival of the pathogen’s dispersal and infection units on the host. infestans invasion at 24 hpi, indicating that plants may recognize the attacking pathogen. ![]() These findings suggest a specific and distinct transcriptional response in plant leaf tissue in reaction to B. And Gene expression patterns were found to also depend on the inoculation technique. Additionally, a set of 63 genes were differentially expressed during all three diseases when compared by a Bayesian approach to their respective mock infections. cinerea infection and 18 specifically induced by P. ![]() By means of RNA-seq, we identified 50 differentially expressed tomato genes specifically induced by B. cinerea) was the disease that had progressed the most by 24 hpi, both in terms of visible symptoms as well as differential gene expression. This study focuses on the differential transcriptional changes at 24 hours post inoculation (hpi) in tomato leaflets affected by three pathogens: (1) Phytophthora infestans, (2) Botrytis cinerea, and (3) Oidium neolycopersici. Whole-transcriptome changes during early disease stages in susceptible plant species are less well-documented than those of resistant ones. Hence an understanding of disease mechanisms at the molecular level is of paramount importance for identifying possible intervention points for their control. Microbial infections in plant leaves remain a major challenge in agriculture. ![]()
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